What Is Semax?
Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) is a heptapeptide derived from the N-terminal fragment of ACTH (positions 4–7), extended with the Pro-Gly-Pro tripeptide to improve stability and CNS penetration. It was developed at Moscow State University in collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences and has been registered as a pharmaceutical drug in Russia and Ukraine for conditions including ischemic stroke, optic nerve atrophy, and cognitive impairment.
Mechanism of Action
BDNF and NGF Upregulation
Semax's most robustly documented mechanism is the upregulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) expression in the brain. Both neurotrophins are critical regulators of neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and memory formation. This effect has been reproduced across multiple animal models and is considered central to Semax's neuroprotective profile.
Melanocortin Receptor Interaction
As an ACTH fragment, Semax binds to melanocortin receptors (particularly MC4R and MC5R) in the brain. These receptors are involved in regulating dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, contributing to the compound's observed effects on focus, mood, and motivation in preclinical models.
Neuroprotective Effects
In ischemia models, Semax has demonstrated significant reduction in lesion volume and neuronal death following stroke-like injury. The mechanism appears to involve reduction of oxidative stress markers and preservation of mitochondrial function.
Research Findings
| Area | Model | Key Observation |
|---|---|---|
| Stroke / Ischemia | Rat | Reduced infarct volume, improved neurological scores |
| BDNF Expression | Rat brain | Significant upregulation in cortex and hippocampus |
| Cognitive Performance | Rat maze | Improved learning speed and retention |
| Dopamine System | Rat | Modulation of dopamine turnover in PFC |
| Optic Nerve Protection | Rat | Reduced retinal ganglion cell death |
"Semax treatment resulted in a marked increase in BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus, accompanied by improvement in spatial memory tasks." — Preclinical study summary.
Storage & Handling
Semax is typically supplied as a lyophilized powder. Store lyophilized compound at −20°C. After reconstitution, refrigerate at 2–8°C and use within 30 days. Protect from light and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
For research use only. Not for human or animal use. Order Semax here.